#492 Optimization problem for installation of power flow controller
Authors: Takayuki Shiina, Jun Imaizumi, Susumu Morito and Chunhui Xu
Power quality control to incorporate dispersed generation and security control to improve network utilization require optimal use of system control devices in power delivery systems. In this context, we propose to install equipment, called loop controller (LPC), which enables distribution system to operate with a loop configuration, to achieve effective management of voltage and power flow. In the investment planning, it is important to identify optimal location and installed capacity on condition that all operational constraints are satisfied. This paper presents an optimization method to identify the location and capacity with the minimum installation cost.
The problem considered in the present paper is one of optimization having combinatorial conditions that represent the location of the equipment to control the power flow, in addition to the calculation of the optimal power flow problem.
This problem takes the scenario of power demand as an input condition and determines the location for installation of an LPC that minimizes cost under the operational constraints of the network. The network operational constraints that can be considered here are the voltage operating range and the line thermal capacity. However, when optimizing in large-scale systems or considering flow constraints in multiple scenarios, the number of variables and constraints included in the optimization problem becomes huge. For this reason, a more efficient optimization technique is required.
We propose a new approach for solving the problem by adapting an economic viewpoint of the fixed cost. The slope scaling procedure is presented, and its efficiency for solving the LPC location problem is demonstrated computationally.
#495 The complex dynamics of regional green growth in Limburg: between frenetic innovation and constrained renewable resources
Authors: Dries Maes and Steven Van Passel
The economy of the Limburg (Belgium) has historically been characterized by traditional manufacturing.
During the last ten years, this industry has suffered after the retreat of car manufacturers from the region. As a response to the industrial decline, authorities launched an ambitious plan for sustainable regional development: SALK (Strategic Action Plan for Limburg). This plan supports four promising industrial sectors with a Regional Innovation Structure (RIS) from fundamental research to industrial implementation. These efforts are accompanied by a financial budget of over 200 million Euros. Two sectors of this plan are the Life Sciences sector and the Cleantech sector. The Life Sciences sector is based on regional scientific advances in the field of medical biotechnology. The Cleantech sector combines all activities in biobased industrial innovations, ranging from sustainable agriculture, over renewable energy, to biobased chemistry. Both sectors are supported with similar structures, but are based on vastly different knowledge types and innovation dynamics.
This project investigates the effectiveness of the SALK actions, measured in their capacity to fuel regional innovation, and their impact on the environment. A full network analysis has been made of all public and private R&D activities in both sectors. The network with and without the SALK contributions are compared. This shows that the SALK contributions did not induce new activities in the regions, but mainly strengthen on-going activities. Other regional programs reveal a larger capacity to provoke new activities. In a second phase, the relation with the regional environment is detailed. The core actors that provide renewable resources for industrial activity or induce land use change are examined. The potential evolution of the sector is outlined, taking the physical capacity of the land to produce renewable resources into account. The results show that the complex innovation dynamics are affected by the physical restriction of biomass growth.
#496 Modelling the role of badger territorialty in communal latrine formation, and vice versa
Author: Seth Bullock
The European badger, Meles meles, is a group-living, territorial animal, and is one of the only mammals (other than humans) to construct its own latrines. These communal dung pits are often established at territory boundaries, where biologists believe that they enable adjacent badger groups to communicate with one another via faecal deposits and anal gland secretions.
While biologists have given considerable attention to documenting badger latrine use, their formation, and the formation of badger territories in general, are both still poorly understood. Here, factors influencing the evolving spatio-temporal distribution of latrines are explored via agent-based simulation, as an example of self-organisation in a simulated population of spatially embedded stigmergic agents.
A spatially explicit simulation model of badger foraging, territoriality, and latrine formation is used to demonstrate that boundary latrines tend to arise spontaneously, without the need for specific cognitive adaptations or spatial memory. It is demonstrated that faecotaxis and overmarking behaviours are necessary and sufficient for the emergence of communal latrines.
When badgers forage in minimally overlapping territories, communal latrines arise disproportionately often at territory boundaries. However, communal latrines also tend to arise at these locations mid-way between adjacent badger setts even when foraging badgers are non-territorial free roamers. Hence, the model suggests that communal boundary latrines need not rely on the prior existence of established territorial boundaries, meaning that communal latrine formation might contribute to the process of badger territory formation rather than vice versa as had been previously assumed.
#497 Studying the evolution of cooperation in on-ramp/off-ramp scenarios.
Authors: Luis Enrique Cortes-Berrueco, Héctor Guzmán, Carlos Gershenson, Christopher Stephens, María Lárraga and Luis Alvarez-Icaza
Continuing with the work presented in ECCS2014 and CCS2015, we applied our game-theoretic traffic behavior model to a traffic scenario which includes an on-ramp and an off-ramp.
To adapt the model that we presented in the last CCS2015, we improved the traffic dynamics of the model. We generalize the original GLAI model to n-laned roads. Also, we modify the incentive conditions to give agents the ability to take the off-ramp and the on-ramp. To avoid agents passing their exit (entrance) from (to) main lanes, modifications on accelerating, braking and emergency braking conditions were made as well.
The game theoretic section merged with the traffic model makes possible some behaviors observed in real scenarios with this topology. These behaviors consist in actions that disregard some traffic regulations i.e.: attempting to take the off-ramp from the middle (or extreme left) lane instead of making a row to wait for the use of the off-ramp.
We also create and alternative scenario that consists of a road with an on-ramp and an off-ramp adding a barrier between the lane with the ramps (rightmost) and the other two main lanes. The barrier prevents drivers of the middle and left lanes to try to reach the off-ramp.
We studied these scenarios elaborating evolution of cooperation and traffic performance comparisons between an adaptive behavior, a high cooperative adaptive behavior (Indirect Reciprocity with q=1) and modified scenarios (different distances between the on-ramp and the off-ramp and the inclusion of the mentioned barrier).
Thanks to this game-theoretic section of our model, we were able to identify that the topology of the road section in which the drivers are interacting has an important impact on their behavior, and thus traffic performance. These insights can be useful for road design.
#498 Endogenous Growth in Production Networks
Authors: Stanislao Gualdi and Antoine Mandel
We investigate the interplay between technological change and macro- economic dynamics in an agent-based model of the formation of production networks. On the one hand, production networks form the structure that determines economic dynamics in the short run. On the other hand, their evolution reflects the long-term impacts of competition and innova- tion on the economy. We account for process innovation via increasing variety in the input mix and hence increasing connectivity in the network. In turn, product innovation induces a direct growth of the firm’s productivity and the potential destruction of links. The interplay between both processes generate complex technological dynamics in which phases of process and product innovation successively dominate. The model reproduces a wealth of stylized facts about industrial dynamics and tech- nological progress, in particular the persistence of heterogeneity among firms and Wright’s law for the growth of productivity within a technolog- ical paradigm. We illustrate the potential of the model for the analysis of industrial policy via a preliminary set of policy experiments in which we investigate the impact on innovators’ success of feed-in tariffs and of priority market access.
Authors: Takayuki Shiina, Jun Imaizumi, Susumu Morito and Chunhui Xu
Power quality control to incorporate dispersed generation and security control to improve network utilization require optimal use of system control devices in power delivery systems. In this context, we propose to install equipment, called loop controller (LPC), which enables distribution system to operate with a loop configuration, to achieve effective management of voltage and power flow. In the investment planning, it is important to identify optimal location and installed capacity on condition that all operational constraints are satisfied. This paper presents an optimization method to identify the location and capacity with the minimum installation cost.
The problem considered in the present paper is one of optimization having combinatorial conditions that represent the location of the equipment to control the power flow, in addition to the calculation of the optimal power flow problem.
This problem takes the scenario of power demand as an input condition and determines the location for installation of an LPC that minimizes cost under the operational constraints of the network. The network operational constraints that can be considered here are the voltage operating range and the line thermal capacity. However, when optimizing in large-scale systems or considering flow constraints in multiple scenarios, the number of variables and constraints included in the optimization problem becomes huge. For this reason, a more efficient optimization technique is required.
We propose a new approach for solving the problem by adapting an economic viewpoint of the fixed cost. The slope scaling procedure is presented, and its efficiency for solving the LPC location problem is demonstrated computationally.
#495 The complex dynamics of regional green growth in Limburg: between frenetic innovation and constrained renewable resources
Authors: Dries Maes and Steven Van Passel
The economy of the Limburg (Belgium) has historically been characterized by traditional manufacturing.
During the last ten years, this industry has suffered after the retreat of car manufacturers from the region. As a response to the industrial decline, authorities launched an ambitious plan for sustainable regional development: SALK (Strategic Action Plan for Limburg). This plan supports four promising industrial sectors with a Regional Innovation Structure (RIS) from fundamental research to industrial implementation. These efforts are accompanied by a financial budget of over 200 million Euros. Two sectors of this plan are the Life Sciences sector and the Cleantech sector. The Life Sciences sector is based on regional scientific advances in the field of medical biotechnology. The Cleantech sector combines all activities in biobased industrial innovations, ranging from sustainable agriculture, over renewable energy, to biobased chemistry. Both sectors are supported with similar structures, but are based on vastly different knowledge types and innovation dynamics.
This project investigates the effectiveness of the SALK actions, measured in their capacity to fuel regional innovation, and their impact on the environment. A full network analysis has been made of all public and private R&D activities in both sectors. The network with and without the SALK contributions are compared. This shows that the SALK contributions did not induce new activities in the regions, but mainly strengthen on-going activities. Other regional programs reveal a larger capacity to provoke new activities. In a second phase, the relation with the regional environment is detailed. The core actors that provide renewable resources for industrial activity or induce land use change are examined. The potential evolution of the sector is outlined, taking the physical capacity of the land to produce renewable resources into account. The results show that the complex innovation dynamics are affected by the physical restriction of biomass growth.
#496 Modelling the role of badger territorialty in communal latrine formation, and vice versa
Author: Seth Bullock
The European badger, Meles meles, is a group-living, territorial animal, and is one of the only mammals (other than humans) to construct its own latrines. These communal dung pits are often established at territory boundaries, where biologists believe that they enable adjacent badger groups to communicate with one another via faecal deposits and anal gland secretions.
While biologists have given considerable attention to documenting badger latrine use, their formation, and the formation of badger territories in general, are both still poorly understood. Here, factors influencing the evolving spatio-temporal distribution of latrines are explored via agent-based simulation, as an example of self-organisation in a simulated population of spatially embedded stigmergic agents.
A spatially explicit simulation model of badger foraging, territoriality, and latrine formation is used to demonstrate that boundary latrines tend to arise spontaneously, without the need for specific cognitive adaptations or spatial memory. It is demonstrated that faecotaxis and overmarking behaviours are necessary and sufficient for the emergence of communal latrines.
When badgers forage in minimally overlapping territories, communal latrines arise disproportionately often at territory boundaries. However, communal latrines also tend to arise at these locations mid-way between adjacent badger setts even when foraging badgers are non-territorial free roamers. Hence, the model suggests that communal boundary latrines need not rely on the prior existence of established territorial boundaries, meaning that communal latrine formation might contribute to the process of badger territory formation rather than vice versa as had been previously assumed.
#497 Studying the evolution of cooperation in on-ramp/off-ramp scenarios.
Authors: Luis Enrique Cortes-Berrueco, Héctor Guzmán, Carlos Gershenson, Christopher Stephens, María Lárraga and Luis Alvarez-Icaza
Continuing with the work presented in ECCS2014 and CCS2015, we applied our game-theoretic traffic behavior model to a traffic scenario which includes an on-ramp and an off-ramp.
To adapt the model that we presented in the last CCS2015, we improved the traffic dynamics of the model. We generalize the original GLAI model to n-laned roads. Also, we modify the incentive conditions to give agents the ability to take the off-ramp and the on-ramp. To avoid agents passing their exit (entrance) from (to) main lanes, modifications on accelerating, braking and emergency braking conditions were made as well.
The game theoretic section merged with the traffic model makes possible some behaviors observed in real scenarios with this topology. These behaviors consist in actions that disregard some traffic regulations i.e.: attempting to take the off-ramp from the middle (or extreme left) lane instead of making a row to wait for the use of the off-ramp.
We also create and alternative scenario that consists of a road with an on-ramp and an off-ramp adding a barrier between the lane with the ramps (rightmost) and the other two main lanes. The barrier prevents drivers of the middle and left lanes to try to reach the off-ramp.
We studied these scenarios elaborating evolution of cooperation and traffic performance comparisons between an adaptive behavior, a high cooperative adaptive behavior (Indirect Reciprocity with q=1) and modified scenarios (different distances between the on-ramp and the off-ramp and the inclusion of the mentioned barrier).
Thanks to this game-theoretic section of our model, we were able to identify that the topology of the road section in which the drivers are interacting has an important impact on their behavior, and thus traffic performance. These insights can be useful for road design.
#498 Endogenous Growth in Production Networks
Authors: Stanislao Gualdi and Antoine Mandel
We investigate the interplay between technological change and macro- economic dynamics in an agent-based model of the formation of production networks. On the one hand, production networks form the structure that determines economic dynamics in the short run. On the other hand, their evolution reflects the long-term impacts of competition and innova- tion on the economy. We account for process innovation via increasing variety in the input mix and hence increasing connectivity in the network. In turn, product innovation induces a direct growth of the firm’s productivity and the potential destruction of links. The interplay between both processes generate complex technological dynamics in which phases of process and product innovation successively dominate. The model reproduces a wealth of stylized facts about industrial dynamics and tech- nological progress, in particular the persistence of heterogeneity among firms and Wright’s law for the growth of productivity within a technolog- ical paradigm. We illustrate the potential of the model for the analysis of industrial policy via a preliminary set of policy experiments in which we investigate the impact on innovators’ success of feed-in tariffs and of priority market access.
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